ADEME :L'ADEME is giving each year about 80 grants for PHD thesis. There exists several possible type of grants (click here) generally associated with a small industry and with great technological aspects.
CEA : Student having a Master of Research (M2) who want to perform a PHD thesis in CEA have to contact directly laboratories : usually the deadline is in between march and april.
CIFRE : This type of grant is given for a project between an industry and a research laboratory. It is funded by the ANRT.
CEMAGREF : grants can be co financed by an external partener such as an industry, an other research organization.